Migration, Borders and Citizenship by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030221577
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

The aim of this approach is to create a system to rapidly identify, select and channel migrants in a specific mobility path: asylum or return. Thus the hotspot approach is a dedicated technology in the European border regime to classify, filter and ultimately contain human mobility through the entanglement of humanitarian and securitarian reason within the crisis frame.

In the Explanatory Note by the EU Commissioner Dimitris Avramopoulos, dated July 15, 2015, the hotspot is defined as an exceptional site, marked by extraordinary phenomena, to which is necessary to answer with a direct and urgent intervention, with ad hoc procedures (European Commission 2015b: 3).

In these accounts, we can see the ambivalence and polysemy of the meanings associated with the term. Hotspot identifies both an area characterized by out-of-the-ordinary, critical events—namely “irregular” migratory movements—and a way to govern the exceptional, a specific apparatus for the administration of human mobility through emergency.

The hotspot approach was implemented in Italy at the end of 2015, following the publication of the Italian roadmap (Interior Ministry 2015) by the Interior Ministry, a document that presents an “operative plan” to strengthen the national migrations and border management. The Italian translation of hotspot approach, sistema di punti di crisi (points of crisis system), underlines how the crisis frame and the emergency narrative distinguishes the adoption of this border technology at a national level.

The internal organisation of the hotspots was defined in May 2016 in the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) published by the Italian Interior Ministry. The document aims to regulate hotspot activities by defining its global function, the actors involved, and their roles and duties. In this act, a formal position is assigned to doctors and health professionals as medical care “providers” engaged with the governance of the hotspot. In the SOP the intersection between care and control, humanitarian and securitarian reason, is formalized: each step of the border administration is marked with a medical examination.[…] New arrivals land safely and are subjected to medical screenings, receive a leaflet on legislation concerning immigration and asylum, they are controlled, pre-identified […]. (Interior Ministry 2016: 4)

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